BTS Statistics Release: 4th-Quarter 2016 Air Fare Data
The average domestic air fare decreased to $347 in the fourth quarter of 2016, down 6.1 percent from $369 in the fourth quarter of 2015, adjusted for inflation (Table 1), the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) reported today.
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares, Origin and Destination Survey
BTS reports average fares based on domestic itinerary fares. Itinerary fares consist of round-trip fares, unless the customer does not purchase a return trip. In that case, the one-way fare is included. One-way trips accounted for 36 percent of fares calculated for the fourth quarter of 2016. The average unadjusted domestic one-way air fare was $241 in the fourth quarter of 2016, while the average unadjusted round-trip air fare was $422. Fares are based on the total ticket value, which consists of the price charged by the airlines plus any additional taxes and fees levied by an outside entity at the time of purchase. Fares include only the price paid at the time of the ticket purchase and do not include fees for optional services, such as baggage fees. Averages do not include frequent-flyer or “zero fares.” Constant 2016 dollars are used for inflation adjustment.
Inflation-Adjusted Air Fares
Fourth-quarter fares were the lowest fourth-quarter fares since BTS began reporting fares in 1995, down 3.0 percent from the previous low of $357 in 2009 (Table 1). They were the lowest for any quarter since $344 in the third quarter of 2009.
The fourth-quarter 2016 fare was down 26.5 percent from the average fare of $472 in 2000, the highest inflation-adjusted fourth quarter average fare recorded in the 21 years since BTS began collecting air fare records in 1995. Since 1995, inflation-adjusted fares declined 23.4 percent (Table 2). See BTS Air Fare web page for historic data.
In recent years, airlines have obtained additional revenue from fees charged to passengers, as well as from other sources. U.S. passenger airlines collected 74.7 percent of their total revenue from passenger fares during the third quarter of 2016, down from 87.6 percent in 1995. Third-quarter data are the most recent available (Table 1A).
Quarter-to-Quarter Change
The fourth-quarter 2016 average fare of $347 was down 13.7 percent from the recent peak of $402 in the fourth quarter of 2014 (Table 3).
Annual Fares
The average 2016 inflation-adjusted fare of $349 was down 8.5 percent from $382 in 2015. The 2016 average was the lowest since 2009 and was down 26.1 percent from the all-time annual high of $472 in 2000. Unadjusted, the 2016 average fare of $349 was up 12.5 percent from the post-recession low of $310 in 2009 but down 10.9 percent from the recent peak of $392 in 2014. See Annual Fares.
Unadjusted Air Fares
The $347 fourth-quarter 2016 average fare was down 12.5 percent from the third quarter 2014 fare of $396, which was the highest unadjusted average fare for any quarter since 1995. Since 1995, unadjusted fares rose 20.5 percent compared to a 57.2 percent increase in overall consumer prices (Table 4).
Fourth-quarter 2016 fares were up slightly, 0.8 percent, from the third-quarter 2016, the first quarter-to-quarter increase since the third-quarter of 2014. From that quarter until the third quarter of 2016, fares declined by 13.2 percent (Table 5). See Air Fares for historical data.
Fares by Airport
Of airports grouped by the number of originating passengers in the fourth quarter of 2016, the 6 airports with between 50,000 and 99,999 originating passengers had the highest average fares ($400). Airports with 1.0 to 1.49 million originating passengers had the lowest average fares of any group ($329) (Table 6).
Tables listing the airports by group can be found on the BTS Air Fare web page.
For additional data, see Top 100 Airports or All Airports. Since average fares are based on the Origin and Destination Survey 10 percent ticket sample, averages for airports with smaller samples may be less reliable. Fares for Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico airports are not included in rankings but are available on the web page. First-quarter 2017 average fare data will be released July 25.
Note: Results for average fares are based on the BTS Origin & Destination Survey, a 10 percent sample of airline tickets used during the quarter. For results based on all itinerary fares, the standard error is 0.30. The 90 percent confidence interval ranges from $346.22 to $347.21. For results based on round-trip fares, the standard error is 0.37. The 90 percent confidence interval ranges from $421.79 to $423.00. For results based on one-way fares, the standard error is 0.37. The 90 percent confidence interval ranges from $240.27 to $241.47.
Table 1. 4th Quarter Average Fare 1995-2016, Adjusted for Inflation
| Year | Average Fare in constant 2016 dollars ($) | Year-to-Year Percent Change in Average Fare (4Q to 4Q) (%) | Cumulative Percent Change in Average Fare (4Q 1995 to 4Q of each year) (%) |
| 1995 | 452 | ||
| 1996 | 424 | -6.3 | -6.3 |
| 1997 | 439 | 3.5 | -3.0 |
| 1998 | 466 | 6.1 | 2.9 |
| 1999 | 456 | -2.0 | 0.8 |
| 2000 | 472 | 3.4 | 4.3 |
| 2001 | 408 | -13.4 | -9.7 |
| 2002 | 412 | 0.8 | -9.0 |
| 2003 | 413 | 0.3 | -8.7 |
| 2004 | 376 | -8.9 | -16.8 |
| 2005 | 384 | 2.1 | -15.1 |
| 2006 | 381 | -0.8 | -15.8 |
| 2007 | 380 | -0.3 | -16.1 |
| 2008 | 392 | 3.1 | -13.5 |
| 2009 | 357 | -8.7 | -21.0 |
| 2010 | 369 | 3.4 | -18.4 |
| 2011 | 393 | 6.5 | -13.0 |
| 2012 | 392 | -0.3 | -13.3 |
| 2013 | 396 | 0.8 | -12.6 |
| 2014 | 402 | 1.5 | -11.2 |
| 2015 | 369 | -8.1 | -18.4 |
| 2016 | 347 | -6.1 | -23.4 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares and Origin and Destination Survey
Note: Percent change based on unrounded numbers
Table 1A. Passenger Airline Revenue from Fares 1990-2016
| Year | Revenue from Passenger Fares as Percent of Total Scheduled Passenger Airline Operating Revenue* (%) |
| 1990 | 88.5 |
| 1995 | 87.6 |
| 2000 | 88.9 |
| 2001 | 87.8 |
| 2002 | 87.1 |
| 2003 | 84.9 |
| 2004 | 80.6 |
| 2005 | 78.4 |
| 2006 | 77.6 |
| 2007 | 77.7 |
| 2008 | 75.9 |
| 2009 | 73.7 |
| 2010 | 74.8 |
| 2011 | 74.6 |
| 2012 | 74.1 |
| 2013 | 74.6 |
| 2014 | 74.8 |
| 2015 | 74.7 |
| 2016 (1Q) | 73.7 |
| 2016 (2Q) | 74.3 |
| 2016 (3Q) | 74.7 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, P-1.2
* From Schedule P-1.2: Passenger Revenue (Fares) (Acct 3901) as a percentage of Total Operating Revenues (4999).
Table 2. Percent Changes to 2016 in Average Domestic Average Fares Since 1995
(4th Quarter to 4th Quarter)
| Since 4th Quarter of
… |
Duration in Years | Average Fare in constant 2016 dollars ($) | Percent Change in Average Fare to 4th Quarter 2016 (%) | |
| 2016 | 347 | |||
| 2015 | 1 | 369 | -6.1 | |
| 2014 | 2 | 402 | -13.7 | |
| 2013 | 3 | 396 | -12.4 | |
| 2012 | 4 | 392 | -11.6 | |
| 2011 | 5 | 393 | -11.9 | |
| 2010 | 6 | 369 | -6.1 | |
| 2009 | 7 | 357 | -3.0 | |
| 2008 | 8 | 392 | -11.4 | |
| 2007 | 9 | 380 | -8.7 | |
| 2006 | 0 | 381 | -9.0 | |
| 2005 | 11 | 384 | -9.8 | |
| 2004 | 12 | 376 | -7.9 | |
| 2003 | 13 | 413 | -16.1 | |
| 2002 | 14 | 412 | -15.8 | |
| 2001 | 15 | 408 | -15.1 | |
| 2000 | 16 | 472 | -26.5 | |
| 1999 | 17 | 456 | -24.0 | |
| 1998 | 18 | 466 | -25.5 | |
| 1997 | 19 | 439 | -21.0 | |
| 1996 | 20 | 424 | -18.2 | |
| 1995 | 21 | 452 | -23.4 | |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares and Origin and Destination Survey
Table 3. Inflation-Adjusted Average Domestic Airline Fares by Quarter
Average Fare and Percent Change by Quarter
| Quarter/Year | Average Domestic Fare (2016$) | |
| Average Fare in constant 2016 dollars ($) | Quarter-to-Quarter Percent Change in Average Fare (%) | |
| 4Q 2014 | 402 | -0.1 |
| 1Q 2015 | 399 | -0.6 |
| 2Q 2015 | 392 | -1.9 |
| 3Q 2015 | 377 | -3.9 |
| 4Q 2015* | 363 | -4.0 |
| 1Q 2016* | 361 | -0.4 |
| 2Q 2016* | 351 | -3.0 |
| 3Q 2016* | 344 | -1.9 |
| 4Q 2016* | 347 | 0.8 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares and Origin and Destination Survey
Note: Percent change based on unrounded numbers
* Fares for the most recent four quarters are in current dollars, not adjusted for inflation.
Table 4. Unadjusted 4th Quarter Average Fares, 1995-2016
| Year | Average Fare in current dollars ($) | Year-to-Year Percent Change in Average Fare (4Q to 4Q) (%) | Cumulative Percent Change in Average Fare (4Q 1995 to 4Q of each year) (%) | Inflation Rate from 1995 (Dec 1995 to Dec of each year) | |
| 1995 | 288 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| 1996 | 278 | -3.3 | -3.3 | 3.2 | |
| 1997 | 294 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 5.1 | |
| 1998 | 316 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 6.7 | |
| 1999 | 318 | 0.6 | 10.5 | 9.5 | |
| 2000 | 340 | 7.0 | 18.2 | 13.3 | |
| 2001 | 300 | -11.8 | 4.2 | 15.4 | |
| 2002 | 309 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 17.9 | |
| 2003 | 316 | 2.2 | 9.7 | 20.2 | |
| 2004 | 297 | -5.9 | 3.3 | 24.2 | |
| 2005 | 315 | 5.9 | 9.4 | 28.8 | |
| 2006 | 318 | 1.1 | 10.6 | 31.3 | |
| 2007 | 330 | 3.6 | 14.6 | 36.5 | |
| 2008 | 345 | 4.7 | 20.0 | 38.7 | |
| 2009 | 320 | -7.4 | 11.1 | 40.7 | |
| 2010 | 335 | 4.7 | 16.3 | 42.5 | |
| 2011 | 368 | 10.0 | 28.0 | 47.2 | |
| 2012 | 374 | 1.6 | 30.0 | 50.0 | |
| 2013 | 382 | 2.1 | 32.8 | 51.8 | |
| 2014 | 393 | 2.8 | 36.4 | 53.7 | |
| 2015 | 363 | -7.7 | 26.0 | 54.4 | |
| 2016 | 347 | -4.4 | 20.5 | 57.2 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares and Origin and Destination Survey
Note: Percent change based on unrounded numbers
Table 5. Unadjusted Average Domestic Airline Fares by Quarter
Average Fare and Percent Change by Quarter
| Quarter/Year | Average Domestic Fare (current$) | |
| Average Fare in current dollars ($) | Quarter-to-Quarter Percent Change in Average Fare (%) | |
| 4Q 2014 | 393 | -0.9 |
| 1Q 2015 | 388 | -1.1 |
| 2Q 2015 | 386 | -0.6 |
| 3Q 2015 | 372 | -3.7 |
| 4Q 2015 | 363 | -2.5 |
| 1Q 2016 | 361 | -0.4 |
| 2Q 2016 | 351 | -2.9 |
| 3Q 2016 | 344 | -1.9 |
| 4Q 2016 | 347 | 0.8 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares and Origin and Destination Survey
Note: Percent change based on unrounded numbers
Table 6. Fares at Airports Grouped by Originating Passengers
Top 100 Airports* Based on 4Q2016 U.S. Originating Domestic Passengers
| Airport Groups based on 4Q 2016 Originating Passengers | Average Fare 4th Quarter 2016 ($) | Percent of Total Passengers |
| 2 million+ | 344 | 22 |
| 1.5-1.99 million | 344 | 18 |
| 1.0-1.49 million | 329 | 21 |
| 500-999,000 | 342 | 23 |
| 100-499,000 | 348 | 15 |
| 50-99,999 | 400 | 1 |
| Average Fare at All Airports | 347 | 100 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS Air Fares and Origin and Destination Survey
* Not including Alaska, Hawaii or Puerto Rico
